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Pheidias first built a wooden framework, and then covered it with gold plate and thin leaves of ivory. According to Thucydides, over one thousand kilogrammes of pure gold was used, while the unplated parts of the body (face, hands and feet) were made of ivory. Jewels were inserted for the pupils of the goddess' eyes. It was, in itself, a civic treasury, since the plates of gold and ivory and the jewels could be removed if required in an emergency.
It seems certain that this statue was never intended to inspire religious piety. It was consciously executed as a work of art, and as a demonstration of the military, political and economic power of the city.